Against Roman Catholic Claims
Papal supremacy, the Filioque, post-schism dogmas, and later doctrinal developments weighed against the conciliar faith of the undivided Church.
Objections
Core Claims to Answer
6 entries
Papal Supremacy and Infallibility
Orthodoxy honors Rome as an ancient apostolic see, but rejects universal papal jurisdiction and Vatican I infallibility as later claims not received by the undivided Church.
The Filioque
The Orthodox objection is both doctrinal and ecclesial: the Creed was altered unilaterally, and the Father is confessed as the single personal source of the Son and the Spirit.
Original Sin and Ancestral Sin
Orthodoxy confesses humanity's fall into mortality and corruption, while rejecting the idea that every person inherits Adam's personal guilt.
Purgatory, Indulgences, and Satisfaction
Orthodoxy prays for the departed and trusts God's mercy, but rejects the later Latin system of purgatorial satisfaction, treasury of merits, and indulgences.
The Immaculate Conception
Orthodoxy venerates the Theotokos as all-holy and ever-virgin, but does not receive the 1854 dogma or its inherited-guilt assumptions.
Development of Doctrine
Orthodoxy allows deeper articulation of the apostolic faith, but rejects developments that change the Church's received dogmatic boundaries.